The human papilloma virus or HPV is widespread worldwide, regardless of the region.According to statistics, every third party is infected with one of the strains of this virus.All those who care about their health should know how human papillomavirus is transmitted and how it is dangerous.
About the virus
The disease causes the formation of benign growth on the skin and mucous membranes - they are papillomas, also called warts and condylomas.There are more than a hundred strains of the virus, some of which constitute a potential threat to health, because they cause the development of malignant neoplasms.
HPV occupies second place in terms of frequency of viral infections transmitted by sexual contact.Once in the human body, the virus may not manifest itself long.Its activation occurs in the context of a decrease in immunity.It is after recently transferred infectious diseases that patients notice the appearance of skin growths.
There is no effective method for fighting the virus.A healthy body is capable of defeating HPV independently.On average, the abolition of virus activity takes several months to several years, depending on immunity.
Many doubt that the human papillomavirus is transmitted, given the disease of the innate characteristic, but it is very simple to infect the HPV.
The virus is transmitted:
- sexually;
- Contact-household;
- From mother to child.
The potentially dangerous strains are 16 and 18. According to statistics, 75% of cervical cancer cases cause this viral infection.
Sex infection
Condylomas are transmitted from person to person sexually.At the same time, the risk of infection for women is higher than for men.This is due to the characteristics of the structure of female genitals.The vaginal mucosa is very sensitive to pathogens.Due to the large area of the walls, the probability of infection is very high, unlike men who have less vulnerable places only in the penis and the urethra.
Interestingly, you can be infected with a virus without the penetration of the penis into the vagina.The human papilloma virus in women and men is contained in leave and sperm, therefore, when the genitals are in contact, the risk of infection is high, even without sex.
Sitty condylomas are manifestations of one of the dangerous forms of the virus.Such neoplasms affect the mucous membranes of the genitals, often develop on the border of the lips.Contact of the mucosa with an area affected by condylomas can cause an infection.HPV is contained directly in growth, so infection is possible by kisses or with oral sex.
HPV infection in daily life
The transmission of contact-household of the virus is not sufficiently studied, but the possibility of infection when using the hygiene elements of other people has been proven.A factor increasing the risk of infection is a decrease in immunity.Infection is possible when using towels, pillowcases or other toothbrushes.
Contact with the skin of an infected person is harmless.The exception is the cases where the papilloma is transmitted during the handshake.Such transmission of HPV is made under the influence of a set of factors:
- The skin with which a healthy person has contacted is densely dotted with papillomas and warts;
- There is a sharp decrease in immunity;
- There are damage to epidermis in a healthy person.
If a person is in contact with the carrier of the virus, while the skin instead of the contact is damaged, the transfer of HPV is possible.
The transfer of the mother's virus to the child
The newborn is infected by the HPV in an abnormal way and by the passage through the birth channel.This is due to the fact that during childbirth, many microsyas of the walls of the vagina occur, as a result of which the children's mucous membranes are in contact with the virus.
The risk of intrauterine infection of the fetus during pregnancy is low.The virus can only be transmitted if it is in the active phase.With the cesarean, the infection by HPV is unlikely.
Risk factors
The sexual transmission of the virus is a serious problem, which few people think.Despite the apparent safety of the disease, some STPs of HPV are potentially dangerous for people.As a rule, the infection occurs at the start of sexual activity.
The virus incubation period is great.Often, immunity independently removes HPV, consequently, a person does not even suspect that he has been infected.The active phase of the virus is the period of increasing skin and the mucous membranes.
The risk group is all people who do not carefully monitor their health.The reason for activating the virus is any weakening of immune defense.
The appearance of the papilloma is noted:
- after the viral and infectious diseases transmitted;
- For systemic diseases, for example, with diabetes;
- in the context of a hormone imbalance;
- After a long class of antibacterial therapy.
The growth appears on any part of the body.Condylomas are formed on the mucous membranes, mainly on the genitals.
The formation of papillomas and warts on the arms and legs can be due to damage to the skin and a fall of local immunity.This is noted in the bottom of the increased perspiration of the feet and wearing too narrow shoes.Hands often appear after contact with household chemicals.
Diagnosis of dangerous virus strains
The training of a condy in the inguinal area is an opportunity to see a doctor.The type of virus is determined by the analysis of blood, urine or smear of the vaginal mucosa.In addition, the doctor may recommend the elimination of condyloma with an additional histological analysis of growth cells.Such an examination is compulsory in women when the condyle is formed in the vagina and on the cervix.
Preventing the development of cervical cancer allows the timely diagnosis of a carcinogenic virus type.At the beginning of the pathological process of cell degeneration in malignant and rapid elimination of the home and the corresponding drug treatment allow you to get rid of a dangerous disease.All women are recommended to be examined each year on the presence of HPV type 16 and 18.
The only effective way to avoid infection is vaccination.Vaccination is placed for girls aged 7 to 10.If necessary, vaccination is carried out at a more advanced age, but only if the girl had no sexual experience.
How to get rid of HPV?
The drug treatment of HPV aims to reduce the activity of the virus.There are no drugs that destroy this infection.
HPV therapy includes:
- antiviral treatment;
- strengthen immunity;
- Elimination of growth.
The main part of treatment is antiviral treatment.Using drugs in ointments and tablets.The ointments are applied to each growth, allowing the activity of the virus locally blocking the activity of the body.Immunostimulants and vitamin preparations are used to strengthen body protective forces.
The elimination of growth is only carried out after the course of antiviral therapy.You can remove the papillomas from the doctor's office and at home by yourself.Professional withdrawal methods are laser combustion, cryodestruction or electrocoagulation.The elimination of papilloma radio waves is also used.The advantages of these methods are absence and safety.After the procedure, there are no more scars on the skin.
At home, alkaline mixtures are used, which are sold in pharmacies.Funds are once applied to the body of the papilloma and burning tissues.A few days later, growth decreases in size and darkens, then disappears.The downside of the method is the probability of training scars and pain during papilloma treatment.
Sharp's heart and growth on the skin of the face cannot be removed alone.Damage to neoplasms on mucous membranes can cause the virus to spread.Having papillomas on the face is responsible for the formation of scars.
HPP Prevention
Several rules will help not to infected by the virus:
- Maintain immunity.Any cold must be treated in a timely manner.The treatment of flu and infectious diseases must always be supplemented by the use of immunostimulants.
- Personal hygiene.Very often, the infection occurs when using the hygiene articles for others.In addition to towels and pillows, it is recommended to avoid wearing the clothes and shoes of others, because when you rub the skin, it can lead the virus to enter the body.
- Sexual contact.Even the use of a condom does not guarantee a hundred percent protection against HPV.The only way out is a permanent partner and a loyalty.The virus is transmitted from a man to a woman, the reverse infection occurs less often.
If growth on the skin interferes, hurts or clings to clothes - it should be removed.In most cases, HPV does not harm health and causes only aesthetic discomfort.Before removing the papilloma from the skin, it is recommended to undergo an examination to determine the type of virus.